What Is the Ghost Festival (Vu Lan)?
The Ghost Festival, or Vu Lan, is a deeply spiritual event in Vietnam inspired by Buddhist teachings and rooted in the cultural practice of ancestor veneration. Celebrated on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month, it reflects the core value of filial piety—honoring parents and ancestors while seeking blessings for their well-being in the afterlife.
This festival holds significant meaning for both families and communities, as it is believed to help wandering or neglected spirits find peace through rituals and offerings. It also serves as an occasion to express gratitude to living and deceased parents, reinforcing the importance of family bonds.
Though similar to other Asian festivals like China’s Hungry Ghost Festival, Vu Lan features unique Vietnamese elements, including a strong focus on acts of merit, such as charity and communal gatherings, that bring families and communities closer together.
When is the Vu Lan Festival?
The Vu Lan Festival, also known as the Ghost Festival, is observed annually on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month. Due to the lunar calendar’s alignment with the Gregorian calendar, the festival’s date varies each year.
Here are the upcoming dates for the Vu Lan Festival:
- 2025: September 6
- 2026: August 27
- 2027: August 16
- 2028: September 3
- 2029: August 24
History and origins of Vu Lan
Buddhist Roots
The Ghost Festival, or Vu Lan, originates from a Buddhist tale involving Maudgalyayana (Muc Kien Lien), one of Buddha’s chief disciples. According to the legend, Muc Kien Lien discovered his deceased mother suffering in the realm of hungry spirits. Despite his immense spiritual powers, he could not save her alone and sought Buddha’s guidance. Buddha advised him to make offerings to the monastic community on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month. This act of compassion not only liberated his mother but also alleviated the suffering of countless spirits. This story became the foundation of Vu Lan, symbolizing filial piety and collective salvation.
Integration with Folk Beliefs
As Buddhism spread in Vietnam, the Vu Lan Festival integrated with existing folk traditions of ancestor worship. Vietnamese people embraced the Buddhist teachings but also infused the festival with local beliefs, such as the idea of wandering spirits and the importance of community rituals to honor them. This merging of spiritual practices made Vu Lan a uniquely Vietnamese observance, deeply tied to family and community values.
Cultural Evolution
Over the centuries, Vu Lan evolved beyond its religious roots to become a widely celebrated cultural event. While its spiritual core remains, the festival has expanded to include broader acts of charity, public ceremonies, and communal gatherings. Today, Vu Lan is both a sacred time for spiritual reflection and a vibrant celebration of gratitude and familial bonds.
Where and How Is Vu Lan Celebrated?
1. Temples: Centers of spirituality
Temples are the heart of Vu Lan celebrations, hosting large-scale rituals and ceremonies. Key sites like Thien Mu Pagoda in Hue and Giac Lam Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City draw crowds of devotees who participate in chanting, prayers, and offerings to honor ancestors and wandering spirits. Monks lead these ceremonies, creating an atmosphere of reverence and reflection.
2. Family altars: A private tribute
Many families observe Vu Lan at home, focusing on their personal altars. Offerings such as incense, fruits, and traditional dishes are placed on the altar to honor ancestors. This intimate practice reinforces the festival’s themes of gratitude and filial piety, allowing families to connect deeply with their heritage.
3. Public gatherings: Communal celebrations
In larger towns and cities, Vu Lan is marked by community events. These may include cultural performances, processions, and public rituals. Such gatherings foster a sense of unity and provide an opportunity to collectively honor ancestors and make offerings for wandering spirits.
4. Red and white roses: A symbolic tradition
One of Vu Lan’s most poignant customs is the wearing of roses, symbolizing the bond between children and their mothers. A red rose represents gratitude for a living mother, while a white rose signifies remembrance of a mother who has passed away. This tradition, inspired by Buddhist teachings, is a moving reminder of the importance of maternal love.
5. Lanterns: Guiding lights
Lanterns play a key role in Vu Lan celebrations, with their light symbolizing hope and guidance. Families and temples release lanterns to illuminate the paths of wandering spirits and honor deceased loved ones. This practice also fosters a sense of peace and closure.
6. Food offerings: Feeding spirits and ancestors
Vegetarian meals are a central part of Vu Lan, reflecting Buddhist principles of compassion and non-violence. Symbolic dishes are offered to both ancestors and wandering spirits, emphasizing the importance of sharing and generosity. These meals, often prepared with care and devotion, are seen as acts of merit and kindness.
Tips for Experiencing Vu Lan in Vietnam
Understand Vietnam’s Religious Context
While Buddhism is the largest organized religion in Vietnam, the majority of people follow folk religion practices, centered around ancestor worship. These beliefs align well with Buddhist principles, making Vu Lan a meaningful event for many. However, Vu Lan is not a nationwide festival of grand proportions and is mostly celebrated in Buddhist temples.
Visit Temples for the Best Experience
To fully immerse yourself in Vu Lan, visit Buddhist temples during the festival. Prominent temples such as Thien Mu Pagoda in Hue or Giac Lam Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City are ideal locations to witness rituals and ceremonies. While visiting, remember to:
- Dress Modestly: Wear clothing that covers shoulders and knees to show respect.
- Follow Photography Etiquette: Always ask for permission before taking photos, especially during rituals.
- Remove Shoes When Required: Some temples may require you to take off your shoes before entering sacred areas.
Prepare for the Weather
Vu Lan typically falls in August or September, months characterized by hot and humid weather throughout Vietnam.
- Northern Vietnam: Expect warm temperatures and frequent bursts of rain during the rainy season.
- Central Vietnam: Hot and dry weather is common, but occasional storms can occur.
- Southern Vietnam: Similar to the north, with warm weather and heavy but short rain showers.
To stay comfortable, dress in lightweight, breathable fabrics and carry an umbrella or raincoat if visiting temples in northern or southern regions.
Embrace the Cultural Experience
Participate respectfully in the rituals and take time to reflect on the cultural significance of Vu Lan. The festival offers a unique opportunity to connect with Vietnam’s deep-rooted traditions of filial piety and ancestor reverence.
