What is Vietnamese Calligraphy
Vietnamese calligraphy, or “Thư Pháp”, is the art of crafting beautifully written characters using brushes and ink. The term “Thư” means “script,” while “Pháp” translates to “rule,” highlighting the emphasis on structure and elegance in every stroke.
Unlike Western calligraphy, which often relies on tools like pen nibs, rulers, and erasers for precision, Vietnamese calligraphy focuses on simplicity. Artists use only brushes, black ink, and paper, creating not just text but visual poetry imbued with deep philosophical meaning. Each character reflects an artistic journey, expressing virtues, emotions, and aspirations through its intricate design.
Origins & history of Vietnamese calligraphy?
Vietnamese calligraphy finds its roots in Chinese calligraphy, introduced during centuries of cultural exchange and rule by Chinese dynasties. Initially, Vietnamese scholars and artists used Han characters (classical Chinese script) to convey philosophical ideas and scholarly thoughts, reflecting the shared cultural and artistic heritage between the two nations.
As Vietnam developed its own identity, the Nom script emerged, adapting Chinese characters to better represent the richness of the Vietnamese language. This shift marked a significant evolution, as calligraphy became a means to express uniquely Vietnamese ideas, emotions, and cultural values.
In modern times, calligraphy in Vietnam has expanded to include Vietnamese script calligraphy, which incorporates the Latin alphabet while maintaining traditional aesthetics. Another contemporary development is “Tiền Vệ” calligraphy, an innovative style blending abstract painting and calligraphy. Introduced in 2006 by calligrapher Le Quoc Viet and the Zenei Gang of Five, this experimental approach breaks free from traditional norms, using unconventional materials like glass, wood, and even human bodies. These modern iterations highlight the adaptability and enduring significance of Vietnamese calligraphy in both preserving tradition and embracing innovation.
How is it used today?
While Vietnamese calligraphy holds deep cultural significance, it is a rare skill practiced by only a small number of dedicated artists in Vietnam today. Despite its limited practitioners, calligraphy continues to be an integral part of festivals, celebrations, and spiritual practices, cherished for its ability to convey profound meanings through elegant script.
Festivals and celebrations
Calligraphy plays a central role during Tet (Vietnamese New Year), where elegantly crafted characters symbolizing good fortune, happiness, and longevity are gifted or displayed in homes. It’s a cherished tradition to visit calligraphy markets during this time to purchase meaningful pieces.
Home decoration
Many Vietnamese families adorn their walls with framed calligraphy art featuring words or phrases that inspire virtues like peace (bình an), prosperity (phú quý), and happiness (hạnh phúc). These pieces not only beautify living spaces but also serve as a daily reminder of positive values.
Special occasions
Calligraphy is a meaningful gift for significant life events like weddings, housewarmings, and anniversaries. The personalized nature of the artwork makes it a cherished keepsake.
Religious use
In temples and pagodas, calligraphy often reflects spiritual teachings or quotes from sacred texts. These works of art enhance the serenity of the space and guide worshippers in their spiritual practices.
Types of Vietnamese Calligraphy
Han-Nom Calligraphy
This traditional form of calligraphy uses Han (Chinese characters) and Nom (Vietnamese demotic script) to convey literary, philosophical, or historical ideas. Han-Nom calligraphy emphasizes strict rules in writing and composition, reflecting the deep influence of Chinese culture on Vietnam. Nom, developed later, allowed for a more localized expression of Vietnamese language and identity.
Vietnamese Script Calligraphy
Emerging in the modern era, this type of calligraphy uses the modern Vietnamese alphabet (Quốc Ngữ). It retains the aesthetic elegance of traditional calligraphy but is more accessible to contemporary audiences. With a focus on simple yet profound messages, Vietnamese script calligraphy often highlights universal values like peace, love, and wisdom, making it popular for gifts and home decorations.
Tiền Vệ Calligraphy
A groundbreaking and abstract style, Tiền Vệ (or Zenei Shodou) calligraphy blends elements of painting and writing. It moves beyond the strict forms of traditional calligraphy, incorporating creative tools like sprays, stamps, and even impressions from natural objects like leaves. This style often uses unconventional materials, such as glass or wood, and aims to evoke emotion rather than convey precise meaning.
Vietnamese Calligraphy classes and workshops
For travelers looking to immerse themselves in Vietnam’s cultural heritage, calligraphy classes provide a rare and meaningful experience.
Locations: Workshops are most commonly found in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, where skilled calligraphers offer insights into this traditional art. Some cultural centers and art studios also host seasonal classes during festivals like Tet.
Activities: Participants learn fundamental brush techniques, explore the philosophy behind calligraphy, and create their own personalized pieces. Workshops offer the opportunity to write meaningful words or phrases, such as prosperity or happiness, under the guidance of experts.
This hands-on activity not only connects travelers with Vietnam’s artistic traditions but also provides a unique souvenir to take home—a piece of Vietnamese culture crafted by their own hand.
Calligraphy as souvenirs
Calligraphy is a popular souvenir among travelers for its aesthetic appeal and cultural significance. The best places to buy calligraphy include Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, and Hue, where many shops and markets cater to tourists. During Tet, the Lunar New Year, calligraphy becomes even more widely available, with specialized Tet shops offering calligraphy alongside traditional decorations.
However, most calligraphy pieces sold in these shops or souvenir stores are mass-produced prints, often created in factories to resemble authentic works. While these can be visually striking and affordable, they lack the personal touch and craftsmanship of genuine hand-drawn calligraphy.
If you’re seeking authentic calligraphy, consider:
- Visiting an artist’s studio or shop: Some calligraphers operate small studios where you can commission personalized works. These can be difficult to find, so asking locals or doing some research beforehand is recommended.
- Attending a workshop: Many calligraphy workshops allow participants to create their own pieces or purchase original works directly from the artist.
Travel Tip: Authentic hand-drawn calligraphy will typically be more expensive than mass-produced versions, reflecting the skill and time involved. Look for works on high-quality materials like rice paper or silk for a meaningful and unique souvenir.
