The History of Wine in Vietnam
Traditional rice and corn wines
Long before the arrival of grape wine, rural Vietnamese communities were already producing rice wine (rượu gạo) and corn wine (rượu ngô). These traditional wines, often homemade, were central to village life and rituals, from family celebrations to ancestral worship. The techniques used to produce these wines have been passed down through generations and remain an integral part of Vietnam’s cultural identity.
Grape wine and the French colonial era
Wine as we know it today was introduced to Vietnam during the French colonial period. The French established vineyards in the highlands of Dalat, a region with a cool climate and fertile soil ideal for grape cultivation. Dalat soon became the heart of Vietnam’s grape wine production, catering primarily to the colonial elite and later evolving into a symbol of Vietnamese innovation in winemaking.
The culture of wine drinking in Vietnam
Wine holds a significant place in Vietnamese culture, deeply tied to traditions, celebrations, and modern influences.
Wine in celebrations and ceremonies
Traditional wines like rice wine (rượu gạo) play a central role in Vietnamese celebrations and rituals. They are often used during ancestral worship, where offerings of wine symbolize respect and gratitude to one’s forebears. Weddings, festivals, and Tet (Lunar New Year) celebrations also feature wine as a key element, with communal toasts and shared cups marking joyful moments.
Rice Wine: A family rradition
In rural areas, homemade rice wine is a staple during family meals and local festivals. It is typically served in small ceramic cups, and hosts ensure that guests’ cups are always full—a gesture of hospitality and warmth. The act of sharing wine fosters a sense of connection and community, reflecting the social fabric of Vietnamese life.
The rise of grape wine in urban areas
In recent years, grape wine has gained popularity in cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, influenced by Western dining habits and culture. Imported wines and locally produced grape wines from regions like Dalat are increasingly featured at upscale restaurants and social gatherings. This trend reflects a shift in preferences among younger, urban generations who embrace a more cosmopolitan lifestyle.
Types of wine in Vietnam
Vietnam’s diverse landscape and cultural traditions have given rise to a wide variety of wines, each with its own distinct flavor, production method, and cultural significance.
1. Rice Wine (Rượu Gạo)
Rice wine is Vietnam’s most traditional and widely consumed type of wine, made from fermented glutinous rice. It is a staple at family gatherings, festivals, and ancestral worship ceremonies. Typically strong and clear, rice wine is served in small cups and often paired with local dishes.
2. Corn Wine (Rượu Ngô)
Produced in Vietnam’s mountainous regions, such as Ha Giang and Na Hang, corn wine is a cherished specialty of ethnic minority groups. The wine is made by fermenting corn with traditional yeast, resulting in a slightly sweet and aromatic drink. It is often enjoyed during village festivals and as a gesture of hospitality for guests.
3. Grape Wine (Rượu Vang)
Grape wine, introduced during the French colonial period, is primarily produced in Dalat, Vietnam’s premier grape-growing region. Known for its mild and fruity flavors, Dalat grape wine is popular among urban Vietnamese and tourists alike. It is often enjoyed at restaurants, wine bars, and celebratory events.
4. Snake Wine
Snake wine is one of Vietnam’s most exotic and controversial wines. Made by infusing rice wine with snakes, scorpions, or other creatures, it is believed to possess medicinal properties, such as boosting vitality and improving health. While it is a traditional part of Vietnamese culture, snake wine is often viewed as controversial due to concerns about animal welfare and the sourcing of ingredients. Despite this, it remains a popular souvenir and a curious attraction for adventurous travelers.
6. Coconut Wine (Rượu Dừa)
Coconut wine is a sweet and fragrant wine made by fermenting coconut water, often inside the coconut itself. Popular in the Mekong Delta, this wine offers a tropical twist and is a common souvenir for tourists visiting southern Vietnam.
7. Banana Wine (Rượu Chuối)
Banana wine, made by fermenting bananas with rice or other natural ingredients, is a specialty in some rural areas. Known for its fruity and slightly sweet flavor, it is often enjoyed during festivals or local celebrations.
8. Cassava Wine (Rượu Sắn)
Produced by fermenting cassava, this wine is popular in some rural and mountainous regions of Vietnam. It has a slightly earthy flavor and is typically consumed in small quantities due to its strong alcohol content.
9. Plum Wine (Rượu Mận)
Plum wine, especially popular in northern regions, is made from fermented plums and rice wine. It has a tangy, sweet taste and is sometimes infused with herbs for additional flavor.
10. Mulberry Wine (Rượu Dâu Tằm)
Made from mulberries, this wine is known for its rich, fruity flavor and deep red color. It is believed to have health benefits, such as improving circulation and digestion, and is often found in specialty stores or local markets.
Specialty Vietnamese Wines
Vietnam is home to a wide array of specialty wines, each reflecting the unique flavors and traditions of its region. These wines are often tied to local customs and make for fascinating discoveries for wine enthusiasts and travelers.
1. Mau Son Wine (Lang Son)
Mau Son Wine hails from the mountainous region of Lang Son and is celebrated for its fragrant aroma and balanced taste. The wine is infused with the essence of local herbs, creating a distinctive flavor that captures the spirit of the Mau Son Mountains.
2. Kim Long Wine (Quang Tri)
Also known as Xika, Kim Long Wine is a high-alcohol-content wine ranging between 45% and 50% ABV. This strong wine is prized for its rich taste and is one of the few Vietnamese wines exported internationally, showcasing the country’s growing reputation in winemaking.
3. Na Hang Wine (Tuyen Quang)
This corn-based wine comes from the Na Hang District in Tuyen Quang. Its aromatic flavor sets it apart, making it a favorite choice for gifting. The wine reflects the traditional winemaking techniques of Vietnam’s northern highlands.
4. Kim Son Wine (Ninh Binh)
A traditional Vietnamese wine from Ninh Binh, Kim Son Wine is known for its warm, spicy taste and high alcohol content. It is often used as a base for infusions, such as herbal or snake wines, and is a staple in many local ceremonies.
5. Van Village Wine (Kinh Bac)
This clear and mellow wine is a specialty of the Kinh Bac region, making it a popular gift among locals and travelers alike. Van Village Wine is smooth and easy to drink, making it an accessible choice for those new to Vietnamese wines.
6. Phu Quoc Sim Wine (Phu Quoc Island)
Made from sim berries (rose myrtle), Phu Quoc Sim Wine is a sweet and fruity wine with a strong aroma. Known for its potential health benefits, this wine is slightly more expensive than other Vietnamese wines but is highly regarded for its unique flavor.
7. Bau Da Wine (Binh Dinh)
Bau Da Wine is a traditional white wine that takes about six days to produce. Known for its sweet aroma, it is believed to have health benefits such as relieving back pain and improving digestion. It’s a popular choice in central Vietnam.
8. Go Den Wine (Long An)
A light and easy-to-drink wine made from glutinous rice, Go Den Wine is a favorite in Long An Province. With its low alcohol content, it’s an excellent choice for those who prefer milder drinks.
Where to buy wine in Vietnam
Vietnam offers a wide range of places to purchase wine, from bustling markets to specialty shops and rural villages. Each location caters to different types of wines, from traditional rice wines to modern grape varieties.
Souvenir & local markets
Markets like Ben Thanh Market in Ho Chi Minh City and Dong Xuan Market in Hanoi are ideal for finding rice wines and infused wines like snake or herbal wines. These markets also offer unique packaging, making them great options for souvenirs.
Dalat
As Vietnam’s premier wine region, Dalat boasts numerous local wineries and shops that sell grape wines. Many wineries offer tastings, allowing you to sample their products before purchasing. Dalat is the perfect place to explore modern Vietnamese winemaking.
Rural Villages
For authentic rice and corn wines, rural areas like Ha Giang, Lang Son, and Tuyen Quang are excellent destinations. However, it’s important to note that most rice wine in these regions is homemade rather than factory-produced. Locals often make rice wine for personal use or festivals, and while it’s not typically sold in stores, villagers are usually happy to help you acquire some.
Travel tip: Be cautious with rice wine
While homemade rice wine is an integral part of Vietnamese culture, it’s less regulated than commercial wines. This means you can’t always be sure of the alcohol content or production quality. Exercise caution when consuming or transporting rice wine, especially if your destination country has strict customs regulations. Some countries may not allow wines without clear labeling or alcohol content specifications, so check the rules before bringing rice wine home.
